This is mirrored in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and how Taliban managed to occupy Afghanistan.
The tactic to occupy a nation often revolved around occupying the capital city. This shows that the capital city is a vital region for the sovereignty of the nation, including Indonesia.
Currently, after the ratification of Law No. 3 of 2022 on the Nation's Capital City, the Indonesian government will officially relocate its capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan.
The preparations made by the government to facilitate the relocation process are not to be scoffed at.
One of the preparations that has become the focus in the relocation is the creation of a master plan for the defense and security system of Indonesia's latest capital city, Nusantara.
Indonesia cannot underestimate the importance of a defense system for the new capital system, especially due to the various threats looming large over this relocation.
For instance, the new capital city shares a 2.062-km land border with Malaysia, and it also resides within the radius of the intercontinental ballistic missile, or ICBM, and hypersonic missile that certain nations possess.
To this end, the government, along with its supporting institutions, formed a security and defense system for the nation's capital city that utilizes four primary components: intelligence, defense, security, and cyber component.
The government utilizes these four main components as the pillars of Indonesia's defense and security system.
Four main components Defense and Security Director at the National Development Planning (PPN) Ministry/National Development Planning Board (Bappenas) Bogat Widyatmoko affirmed that these four main components have been based on a certain study.
Specifically, they are based on a study concerning the defense threat and security disturbance that may arise in the nation's capital city.
The first component concerns intelligence.
The function of this component is to detect threats and challenges beforehand and then provide early warning to related parties to undertake prevention, deterrence, and mitigation efforts.
Intelligence officers on duty will provide analysis of the situation and recommendations concerning the most accurate step and policy for the government to take.
The second component revolved around defense.
Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution mandates that defence and security of the state shall be conducted through the Total People's Defence and Security System (Sishankamrata).
In addition, the Indonesian National Defense Force (TNI) and Indonesian National Police (Polri) serve as the main force, and the people as the supporting force.
The component's task is to uphold the Sishankamrata doctrine while also deploying the nation's defense strategy that utilizes the entire strength and capability of military and non-military components in a comprehensive and integrated manner.
A community and region-centric deterrence strategy is deployed by this component.
The Sishankamrata also involves the entirety of government institutions comprehensively to participate in ensuring the nation's security.
Beyond the Sishankamrata doctrine and strategy, the defense component also comprises the defense posture.
Quoting data from TNI's official website, the nation's defense posture is the appearance of the nation's defense strength mirrored from the cohesiveness of strength as well as national resource utilization and capability managed within the nation's defense system.
The nation's defense posture has the ability to conduct deterrence, negation, destruction, recovery, and non-war military operation (OMSP).
The defense component has the responsibility to analyze the mission, develop a course of action (COA), and to implement the COA.
The third component revolved around security.
While defense security is more about protecting the nation's sovereignty from military attacks, the security component is more oriented toward the domestic security situation.
The security component encompasses the people's security and order, law enforcement, and the law enforcement authorities' service to the people.
This component is a supporter of smart security, specifically the modern city security system based on the advancements in technology, community involvement, and inclusion of a domestic security partner.
Smart security has two targets of digital security and personal security. The government expects that with the guarantee of security from these two targets, the nation's capital city can become a safe and peaceful city.
The last constituent is the cyber component that functions to preserve data secrecy, uphold integrity in data management, and ensure data availability to conduct smart security and maximize smart city service.
In general, smart city service necessitates high data availability. This became a vulnerability that has to be protected as best as possible. To this end, cybersecurity is a high-priority issue for the government.
Cyber component is tasked with producing the national security operation center (NSOC) or security operation center (SOC).
Widyatmoko stressed that for formulating the master plan from the capital city's defense and security system based on these four components, the government utilizes a guideline in the form of cost effectiveness and quality spending.
He expects the master plan from the capital city's defense and security system to run efficiently and handle various forms of threats and disturbances that may endanger Nusantara in future.
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Editor: Rahmad Nasution
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