Researchers at the Biomass and Bioproduct Research Center of Indonesia’s National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) have developed lightweight, strong, and eco-friendly composite roof tiles made from biomass, as an alternative to conventional roofing materials.
Sukma Surya, a researcher at BRIN, said the tiles are produced from lignocellulosic biomass processed into fine particles and formed into composite products. The innovation is aimed at reducing injuries during earthquakes, given Indonesia’s location in the Ring of Fire.
"In many earthquakes, casualties occur from heavy roof tiles falling. That is why we developed lighter composite tiles that maintain mechanical strength," Sukma said in Jakarta on Tuesday.
The biomass tiles are also water-resistant, fire-retardant with slower burn rates, and environmentally friendly. BRIN expects the product to contribute to Indonesia's Net Zero Emission target by 2060 by utilizing renewable materials.
In production, biomass is first converted into small particles using equipment such as ring flakers, drum chippers, and hammer mills. Particles are then sorted by size, dried to a specific moisture content, mixed with adhesive, and processed through mat forming, cold press, and hot press molding to form the tiles.
Quality control includes physical and mechanical testing, weather and fire resistance tests, and regular field trials. Field observations occur every three months to monitor performance under changing weather and environmental conditions.
"Material testing cannot be concluded quickly. Ideally, continuous observation over at least five years is needed to assess long-term performance,” Sukma said, adding that roof exposure to UV, rain, and organisms makes protective coatings essential.
BRIN is also exploring adhesive-free composite tiles to enhance competitiveness and reach broader markets.
The development aligns with President Prabowo Subianto’s national initiative to replace metal roofs with clay tiles, a program he dubbed "gentengisasi," aimed at improving Indonesia’s urban aesthetics and residential comfort.
"I want all roofs in Indonesia to use tiles. This will be a national movement and project,” President Prabowo said during a national coordination meeting on February 2.
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Translator: Sean Filo Muhamad, Martha Herlinawati Simanjuntak
Editor: Primayanti
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