Shen Peiping, vice governor of Yunnan in the southwest, was suspected of "serious disciplinary and legal violations", the partys Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) said in a one-sentence statement on its website.
The phrase is usually a euphemism for corruption, an issue which causes widespread public anger in China.
In the year since he took office, President Xi Jinping has pledged to root out corruption at both the highest and lowest levels of the party, and the drive has been heavily publicised in state-run media.
Recent high-profile cases include the sacking of Jiang Jiemin, head of Chinas state-owned assets watchdog, and Li Dongsheng, formerly a vice minister of public security.
But critics say no systemic reforms have been introduced to increase transparency to help fight endemic graft.
Shen was born in Yunnan and has been vice governor of the province since 2013, according to the provincial government website.
Yunnan, which borders Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, saw a brutal mass knifing at the train station in the provincial capital Kunming a week ago, when a group of black-clad assailants killed 29 people and wounded 143 an an attack that both Beijing and Washington described as terrorism.
(H-RN)
Editor: Ella Syafputri
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